SAAF

Sensing and Accounting of Aquatic Floatables

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Aerial view straight down on turquoise shallows meeting pale sand, a few pieces of litter barely visible in the water

Sensing and Accounting of Aquatic Floatables · IIDA Labs

Measuring the wastethat reachesour seas.

Waste reaching the sea is rarely measured. SAAF uses drone imagery, flown across tides and seasons, to show how much waste there is, what it is and where it gathers.

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  • Coastal cities
  • Creeks and river mouths
  • Inland tributaries
  • Needs assessment
  • Hotspot mapping
  • Seasonal trends
  • 99.2% detection
  • 6 litter classes
  • ~1 s per 4K frame
  • Every frame kept
  • Weight · category · hotspots
  • Every tide, every season

Waste reaching the seais rarely measured.SAAF measures it.

Most interventions are planned without baseline data. SAAF builds a needs assessment for places where the waste entering the system goes uncaptured: its weight, its categories, its hotspots and its seasonal trends. Faster, more repeatable and wider in reach than a manual audit, and flown again to show whether the work upstream is paying off.

99.2%
Of the litter found and namedon imagery it had never seen. The standard detector score, mAP@50.
68.2%
Boxed tightly enough to measurethe strict score, mAP@50-95. Size and mass ride on this one.
1 s
Per 4K frame3840×2160, read at full resolution
60 px
Median objectin a 3840×2160 frame — the hard part
Read the full method

Where it works

Three places waste slips through uncounted.

  1. 01

    Coastal cities

    Waste washing ashore is unmeasured.

    Captures the weight and category of waste the sea deposits on the shore, across tides and seasons, giving a clear picture of scale and pattern.

    The problem in full
  2. 02

    Creeks and rivers meeting the ocean

    Waste moves in both directions.

    Captures floating waste on the banks by quantity and category at different tide times, revealing flow patterns and accumulation hotspots.

    The problem in full
  3. 03

    Inland cities on major tributaries

    Their contribution is invisible.

    Measures each city's share of the overall waste chain, making upstream contributions visible and supporting shared responsibility along the river.

    The problem in full

The common thread. In all three, the gap is missing data. SAAF turns an invisible problem into a measurable one, which is the first step toward targeted action.

A raft of floating plastic gathered along the eddy line where a jade river meets turquoise sea, seen from above

00The problem

Waste reaches the sea with every tide. Almost nobody measures it.

So clean-ups are planned on impressions: a photo, a volunteer's estimate, a short stretch counted by hand and multiplied up. Without a baseline, no one can say whether the problem is growing or shrinking.

river mouth · floating raft

A consumer quadcopter hovering over a turquoise lagoon at golden hour, camera pointed straight down

01Fly the survey

An ordinary drone, flown at different tides and across seasons.

Repeat flights show how waste moves and where it accumulates. No special sensor: a consumer 4K camera at 10 to 40 metres is enough, because altitude and focal length give the ground scale.

10–40 m · 3840×2160

Aerial frame of a tide line with six small pieces of litter, each boxed and labelled by the model over a survey grid

02Detect and classify

Every frame is read. Every piece of waste is digitised and classified.

The model picks out each item and names its category. Six classes today: glass, plastic bottles, cans, takeaway cups, retort pouches, food containers. About a second per 4K frame.

6 classes · ~1 s per frame

A crushed plastic bottle on rippled sand with precise dimension callouts and a millimetre scale bar drawn over it

03Measure and report

Volume, categories, hotspots and seasonal trends.

Item sizes pass through the ground sample distance, then sourced reference weights, to give an estimated weight per category. Mapped over tides and seasons, that becomes a needs assessment for the site.

count · footprint · mass

What the model sees

Drag to reveal what a person walks past.

A real survey frame. 3840×2160, shot at altitude. Twelve pieces of litter, none of them obvious. Boxes are deliberately tight: a loose box inflates the area, and area is what the mass estimate is built on.

Raw aerial frame of a shoreline, litter barely visible against wet sandThe same frame with twelve pieces of litter individually boxed by the modelRaw frame12 detections

Why it is hard

The median object is 60 pixels wide in a 4K frame.

This rectangle is a 3840×2160 frame scaled to your screen. The small box inside it is a 60-pixel object at the same scale. That is what the model has to find, name and measure.

0, 03840 px2160 px1 frame · ~1 s60 px
median object
Half of everything the model finds is smaller than this.

Who it is for

Evidence, not an impression.

Questions

Straight answers.

Where there is a limit, it is stated. Mass is an estimate from reference weights, not a weighing, and the site says so everywhere the number appears.

01

Where does SAAF work?

In three settings. Coastal cities, where it measures the waste the sea throws back onto the shore. Creeks and rivers that flow straight into the ocean, where high tides push waste in from the sea and low tides carry land-based waste out, so it measures the floating waste caught on the banks. And inland cities along major tributaries, where it measures each city's contribution to the waste that eventually reaches the sea.

02

Why fly at different tides and seasons?

Because waste moves. A single flight is a snapshot; flights at high and low tide, repeated across the year, show where waste comes from, where it accumulates and whether it is growing or shrinking. Over time that shows whether upstream interventions are reducing what reaches the sea.

03

What do the accuracy numbers mean?

Both are mAP, mean average precision, the standard score for object detectors: it combines how much of the litter was found with how few false alarms were raised, averaged over all six classes, on imagery the model had never seen. 100% is perfect. 99.2% is the everyday score, where a box counts if it covers at least half the item. 68.2% is the strict score, where the box has to fit almost exactly. The strict one is what the size and mass estimates depend on.

04

How is the mass of litter estimated?

Each detection's box is converted to real dimensions using the ground sample distance, derived from sensor width, focal length and flight altitude. Those dimensions are matched against published reference weights for each class of item. The result is an estimate, not a weighing, and it is reported as one.

05

What kinds of litter can it identify?

Six classes today: glass, plastic bottles, tin and aluminium cans, takeaway cups, retort pouches and food containers. New classes can be added.

06

What do I need to run a survey?

A consumer drone with a 4K camera, and the altitude and camera model used for the flight. Nothing else. Imagery is uploaded and processed after the flight.

See it runon your waters.

One survey. Annotated frames and totals back. Then decide.

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